Is there anyone who doesn't dream of flawless, glowing skin? It's one way to improve your skin and get that Hollywood glow you've always wanted. First, let's review the benefits of exfoliation, which can be found in the following breakdown: Exfoliation is an important part of skin care, but what is it exactly, and how do I do it? We will discuss the importance of exfoliating in more detail as we continue reading! What is Exfoliation? The benefits of exfoliation are obvious, but what is it exactly? Exfoliation involves removing dead skin cells from the outermost layer of the skin. Unfortunately, many people believe they only need to exfoliate when they have acne, and they should avoid it if their skin is sensitive. Although exfoliation is safe for all skin types, your skin reaction is what determines how frequently you should exfoliate. Types of Exfoliators  Exfoliation is a relatively easy process, so everyone has options. Since there isn't a single method that works more effectively than another, it really comes down to figuring out what works best for you. Physical and Chemical Exfoliation are the two main methods of skin exfoliation, which can actually be quite harmless. Physical Exfoliation To physically remove the dead skin cells from the surface, either a brush, sponge, or even oatmeal or sugar is used as a tool. This method's effectiveness is determined by the amount of friction and the type of abrasive material. A physical exfoliator should also be used cautiously, since excessive abrasion may cause irritation of the skin. Your skin's thickness and sensitivity will determine which product is best suited for you. In today's market, a wide selection of exfoliating particles is available, and there is a lot of choice. It's important to keep in mind that physical exfoliation depends on the particle's size and shape. Make sure the scrub you buy does not contain large particles that may cause micro-tears (small cuts) on your skin. Larger Granules - Pumice or silicate crystals are examples of such substances. It is important to use these products with caution, and you should avoid abrasions by scrubbing harshly. Smaller Granules - For skin that is drier and more sensitive, look for a product with smaller granules, so as to avoid skin tears. If you are looking for a light exfoliator, look for products containing ingredients such as jojoba beads. The natural oil beads can be formed and melted to provide a natural substitute for synthetic micro-beads.  Seeds & Crushed Nut Shells - Although these products look all-natural and seem appealing, they may not always be appropriate for everyone's skin type. Some natural products, such as crushed nuts, shells, and ground seeds, have uneven edges that can injure the skin. Make sure you grind these ingredients finely into powder before using. Chemical Exfoliation The process of chemical exfoliation involves a number of substances, such as acids and enzymes, that dissolve the cells on the surface of the skin. When it comes to chemical exfoliants, you can look for a number of different ingredients, including: Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) - An Acid derived from natural sources, such as fruit, milk or sugar, which is among the most common types of light peels. There are two main ingredients in skin care products - Glycolic Acid, made of sugar, and Lactic Acid, made from milk. Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA) - BHA is most commonly used as salicylic acid. In contrast to AHAs, BHA penetrates the hair follicle and exfoliates the pores, removing lingering dirt and grime. Exfoliants containing BHA can also be categorized as light chemical peels.  Retinol – The most popular anti-aging solution, Retinol is a powerful exfoliant and anti-aging ingredient that is converted in the skin to Retinoic Acid. With regular use of Retinol, the visible effects of sun damage as well as natural aging are reduced. Enzymes - The biological substances in these products digest dead skin cells chemically, which leads to exfoliation. The enzymes break down the proteins in dead skin cells into smaller fragments, causing a softening effect and making it easier to remove dead skin cells. Contrary to AHAs, the process is water-activated, rather than pH-dependent, and therefore limits exfoliation. It works similarly to acid-based exfoliants, but at a much slower speed, which allows for a much more gentle and safe exfoliating process. The best physical exfoliant removes your dead skin cells without causing any harm to the skin underneath, while at the same time allowing you to keep your skin moisturized. It is vital that you use a product that is right for your skin since both physical and chemical exfoliation can irritate it. Exfoliation Tips Dermatologists recommend the following tips to prevent skin damage while exfoliating: Examine your existing skin care products. There are some medicines and over-the-counter products that may irritate or peel your skin, such as prescription retinoids or products containing retinol or benzoyl peroxide. Exfoliating while using these products can aggravate dry skin or even cause acne breakouts. Exfoliate according to the type of skin you have. It may be better to use a washcloth and a mild chemical exfoliator on skin that is dry, sensitive or acne prone, as Physical exfoliation may be too irritating in this case. Oily, thick skin may benefit from stronger chemical exfoliation or Physical exfoliation. If you experience burns, bug bites, or acne breakouts, or if you have a darker skin tone, avoid harsh chemical or Physical exfoliation. Those with darker skin tones may experience dark spots on their skin after more aggressive forms of exfoliation. You should be gentle with your skin. Scrubs and chemical exfoliators should be applied gently in small circular motions. Rinse your face with lukewarm water - not hot - after this for about 30 seconds. When sponging or using a brush, use short, gentle strokes. If your skin is sunburned or has open wounds, please don't exfoliate. Follow up with a moisturizer. Exfoliating can dry out the skin. Maintain healthy and hydrated skin by applying moisturizer immediately after exfoliation. Find a schedule that works for you. The frequency at which you exfoliate depends on your skin type and exfoliation method. Exfoliation is generally less frequent the more aggressive it is. Don't over-exfoliate, as this could result in red and irritated skin. Which Exfoliator Is Right For Your Skin Type? Different skin types require different types of exfoliation. Furthermore, since the skin's cell turnover rate decreases with age, the frequency of exfoliation needs to be adjusted accordingly. In case you're unsure about the best type of exfoliator or how frequently to use it, consult with the rue therapy expert. Here you can find out more about your skin and which products would be best for you using The Therapy Planner AI-driven questionnaire. A skin type-specific exfoliation routine can help you achieve the best results. 1. Oily skin Exfoliators such as physical scrubs, Chemical based exfoliating products (like Salicylic Acid), or even electronic skin scrubbers are excellent if your skin is oily or sebaceous. Excess oil can be controlled with two to three treatments per week.  2. Dry skin If your skin is not adequately hydrated, it can become rough and flaky. In order to minimize moisture loss, mild chemical exfoliant with AHA and PHA (Polyhydroxy Acids) are recommended for use on dry skin. 3. Combination skin In case of oily and dry patches on the skin, both must be addressed. To exfoliate, use a combination of mild physical and chemical exfoliates. Salicylic acid is a versatile exfoliator that gently removes dead skin cells and excess oil from the deep pores of your skin. 4. Sensitive skin When you tend to react adversely to most products, you may have sensitive skin. It is best to consult your true therapy consultant before adding any new procedure to your skin care routine in such cases. After examining your skin condition, we will determine how we should proceed.  5. Acne prone skin You can reduce breakouts by using exfoliators with glycolic acid, retinoids, and salicylic acid. 6. Normal skin Normal skin types can choose any exfoliating agent according to their comfort. Keep your skin glowing by exfoliating twice a week. Benefits of Exfoliation Exfoliation routines can have a wide range of amazing benefits, some of which are listed below. 1. Unclogs the pores By exfoliating, you remove excess oil, dirt, and cells from your pores, thus opening them up. By doing so, blackheads can be removed and breakouts can be reduced. 2. Enables deeper penetration of other skin care products Dead cells are removed from the skin and pores are opened, enabling skincare products like serums, growth factors, and moisturizers to penetrate deeper. By doing this, the products function is more efficiently. 3. Prevents acne An exfoliating treatment removes the germs along with the dead cells they feed on. Preventing acne breakouts is made easier with this. 4. Evens out skin tone Hyperpigmentation can be removed with exfoliation. Furthermore, it smooths out fine lines, flaky patches of skin, and light scars, giving you a skin tone that is bright and even. 5. Boosts blood circulation and lymphatic drainage Your skin receives more blood flow after massaging the exfoliant. This is followed by the removal of toxins and the nourishment of skin cells. Additionally, it promotes lymphatic drainage, which leads to a glowing and fresh appearance of the skin. 6. Increases cell turnover Dead cells and other impurities are removed from the surface, resulting in a faster cell turnover. Your skin looks younger and healthier when new cells appear on the surface. 7. Stimulates collagen synthesis Keeping your skin exfoliated regularly stimulates collagen production. The collagen in your skin tightens your skin, giving your skin a taut and youthful appearance. It also reduces lines and wrinkles. Over-exfoliation: Signs and Symptoms You will damage fresh new skin cells on the surface of the skin if you exfoliate your skin more frequently than your cell turnover. Over-exfoliation is characterized by the following signs: 1. Redness or irritation When skin is exfoliated too harshly or too frequently, it may be red, irritated, inflamed, or burned. You may notice a dramatic change in your skin and be extremely sensitive to subsequent products.It is important to avoid rubbing your wet skin as much as possible. You can help reduce your irritation by using creams with rich emollients. 2. Dry flaky skin Using too much exfoliation strips the skin of its natural oils. This causes the skin to become dry by removing moisture. Due to excessive drying, you may also experience flaky skin with fine lines and wrinkles. This condition can be alleviated by using a good moisturizer. 3. Increased breakouts Excessive exfoliation damages the protective barrier of the skin, leaving it vulnerable to bacterial infections. Acne breakouts will increase as a result.If this occurs, switch to milder products and stop exfoliating. You can also consult a dermatologist if your skin doesn't improve. FAQs on Exfoliation 1. Is exfoliation beneficial to skin? Skin benefits greatly from exfoliation if done correctly. A skin-type-specific exfoliation regimen will not only make your skin look and feel great, but it will also help you deal with acne and excess oil production problems. 2. Do I need to exfoliate regularly? Exfoliant should only be applied to your skin two to three times per week. If you exfoliate too much, you will not only slough off dead skin cells, but also damage the skin's protective layer (your skin barrier is incredibly important!). Due to this, your skin is more sensitive and susceptible to irritation and inflammation, including acne, of course. Several exfoliating products are available on the market, including multi-purpose products that contain a lower percentage of exfoliating ingredients. You should read the instructions carefully to determine how often you should use these products.  Conclusion: Exfoliation is safe and effective. Healthy, youthful skin is the result of a good exfoliation regimen. It is important to consider carefully your options before choosing an exfoliation method. It is also important not to over-exfoliate, as over-exfoliation may lead to the very conditions you aimed to eliminate. References: DeHaven C. Mechanisms of exfoliation. Science of Skincare. 2015. Leung J. The Science of Exfoliants: Physical vs Chemical. Kornhauser A, Coelho SG, Hearing VJ. Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2010;3:135-142. Published 2010 Nov 24. doi:10.2147/CCID.S9042 How to Safely Exfoliate At Home, Published by American Academy of Dermatologist Association (AAD) https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/routine/safely-exfoliate-at-home i> Exfoliation is an important part of skin care, but what is it exactly, and how do I do it? We will discuss the importance of exfoliating in more detail as we continue reading! What is Exfoliation? The benefits of exfoliation are obvious, but what is it exactly? Exfoliation involves removing dead skin cells from the outermost layer of the skin. Unfortunately, many people believe they only need to exfoliate when they have acne, and they should avoid it if their skin is sensitive. Although exfoliation is safe for all skin types, your skin reaction is what determines how frequently you should exfoliate. Types of Exfoliators  Exfoliation is a relatively easy process, so everyone has options. Since there isn't a single method that works more effectively than another, it really comes down to figuring out what works best for you. Physical and Chemical Exfoliation are the two main methods of skin exfoliation, which can actually be quite harmless. Physical Exfoliation To physically remove the dead skin cells from the surface, either a brush, sponge, or even oatmeal or sugar is used as a tool. This method's effectiveness is determined by the amount of friction and the type of abrasive material. A physical exfoliator should also be used cautiously, since excessive abrasion may cause irritation of the skin. Your skin's thickness and sensitivity will determine which product is best suited for you. In today's market, a wide selection of exfoliating particles is available, and there is a lot of choice. It's important to keep in mind that physical exfoliation depends on the particle's size and shape. Make sure the scrub you buy does not contain large particles that may cause micro-tears (small cuts) on your skin. Larger Granules - Pumice or silicate crystals are examples of such substances. It is important to use these products with caution, and you should avoid abrasions by scrubbing harshly. Smaller Granules - For skin that is drier and more sensitive, look for a product with smaller granules, so as to avoid skin tears. If you are looking for a light exfoliator, look for products containing ingredients such as jojoba beads. The natural oil beads can be formed and melted to provide a natural substitute for synthetic micro-beads.  Seeds & Crushed Nut Shells - Although these products look all-natural and seem appealing, they may not always be appropriate for everyone's skin type. Some natural products, such as crushed nuts, shells, and ground seeds, have uneven edges that can injure the skin. Make sure you grind these ingredients finely into powder before using. Chemical Exfoliation The process of chemical exfoliation involves a number of substances, such as acids and enzymes, that dissolve the cells on the surface of the skin. When it comes to chemical exfoliants, you can look for a number of different ingredients, including: Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA) - An Acid derived from natural sources, such as fruit, milk or sugar, which is among the most common types of light peels. There are two main ingredients in skin care products - Glycolic Acid, made of sugar, and Lactic Acid, made from milk. Beta Hydroxy Acid (BHA) - BHA is most commonly used as salicylic acid. In contrast to AHAs, BHA penetrates the hair follicle and exfoliates the pores, removing lingering dirt and grime. Exfoliants containing BHA can also be categorized as light chemical peels.  Retinol – The most popular anti-aging solution, Retinol is a powerful exfoliant and anti-aging ingredient that is converted in the skin to Retinoic Acid. With regular use of Retinol, the visible effects of sun damage as well as natural aging are reduced. Enzymes - The biological substances in these products digest dead skin cells chemically, which leads to exfoliation. The enzymes break down the proteins in dead skin cells into smaller fragments, causing a softening effect and making it easier to remove dead skin cells. Contrary to AHAs, the process is water-activated, rather than pH-dependent, and therefore limits exfoliation. It works similarly to acid-based exfoliants, but at a much slower speed, which allows for a much more gentle and safe exfoliating process. The best physical exfoliant removes your dead skin cells without causing any harm to the skin underneath, while at the same time allowing you to keep your skin moisturized. It is vital that you use a product that is right for your skin since both physical and chemical exfoliation can irritate it. Exfoliation Tips Dermatologists recommend the following tips to prevent skin damage while exfoliating: Examine your existing skin care products. There are some medicines and over-the-counter products that may irritate or peel your skin, such as prescription retinoids or products containing retinol or benzoyl peroxide. Exfoliating while using these products can aggravate dry skin or even cause acne breakouts. Exfoliate according to the type of skin you have. It may be better to use a washcloth and a mild chemical exfoliator on skin that is dry, sensitive or acne prone, as Physical exfoliation may be too irritating in this case. Oily, thick skin may benefit from stronger chemical exfoliation or Physical exfoliation. If you experience burns, bug bites, or acne breakouts, or if you have a darker skin tone, avoid harsh chemical or Physical exfoliation. Those with darker skin tones may experience dark spots on their skin after more aggressive forms of exfoliation. You should be gentle with your skin. Scrubs and chemical exfoliators should be applied gently in small circular motions. Rinse your face with lukewarm water - not hot - after this for about 30 seconds. When sponging or using a brush, use short, gentle strokes. If your skin is sunburned or has open wounds, please don't exfoliate. Follow up with a moisturizer. Exfoliating can dry out the skin. Maintain healthy and hydrated skin by applying moisturizer immediately after exfoliation. Find a schedule that works for you. The frequency at which you exfoliate depends on your skin type and exfoliation method. Exfoliation is generally less frequent the more aggressive it is. Don't over-exfoliate, as this could result in red and irritated skin. Which Exfoliator Is Right For Your Skin Type? Different skin types require different types of exfoliation. Furthermore, since the skin's cell turnover rate decreases with age, the frequency of exfoliation needs to be adjusted accordingly. In case you're unsure about the best type of exfoliator or how frequently to use it, consult with the rue therapy expert. Here you can find out more about your skin and which products would be best for you using The Therapy Planner AI-driven questionnaire. A skin type-specific exfoliation routine can help you achieve the best results. 1. Oily skin Exfoliators such as physical scrubs, Chemical based exfoliating products (like Salicylic Acid), or even electronic skin scrubbers are excellent if your skin is oily or sebaceous. Excess oil can be controlled with two to three treatments per week.  2. Dry skin If your skin is not adequately hydrated, it can become rough and flaky. In order to minimize moisture loss, mild chemical exfoliant with AHA and PHA (Polyhydroxy Acids) are recommended for use on dry skin. 3. Combination skin In case of oily and dry patches on the skin, both must be addressed. To exfoliate, use a combination of mild physical and chemical exfoliates. Salicylic acid is a versatile exfoliator that gently removes dead skin cells and excess oil from the deep pores of your skin. 4. Sensitive skin When you tend to react adversely to most products, you may have sensitive skin. It is best to consult your true therapy consultant before adding any new procedure to your skin care routine in such cases. After examining your skin condition, we will determine how we should proceed.  5. Acne prone skin You can reduce breakouts by using exfoliators with glycolic acid, retinoids, and salicylic acid. 6. Normal skin Normal skin types can choose any exfoliating agent according to their comfort. Keep your skin glowing by exfoliating twice a week. Benefits of Exfoliation Exfoliation routines can have a wide range of amazing benefits, some of which are listed below. 1. Unclogs the pores By exfoliating, you remove excess oil, dirt, and cells from your pores, thus opening them up. By doing so, blackheads can be removed and breakouts can be reduced. 2. Enables deeper penetration of other skin care products Dead cells are removed from the skin and pores are opened, enabling skincare products like serums, growth factors, and moisturizers to penetrate deeper. By doing this, the products function is more efficiently. 3. Prevents acne An exfoliating treatment removes the germs along with the dead cells they feed on. Preventing acne breakouts is made easier with this. 4. Evens out skin tone Hyperpigmentation can be removed with exfoliation. Furthermore, it smooths out fine lines, flaky patches of skin, and light scars, giving you a skin tone that is bright and even. 5. Boosts blood circulation and lymphatic drainage Your skin receives more blood flow after massaging the exfoliant. This is followed by the removal of toxins and the nourishment of skin cells. Additionally, it promotes lymphatic drainage, which leads to a glowing and fresh appearance of the skin. 6. Increases cell turnover Dead cells and other impurities are removed from the surface, resulting in a faster cell turnover. Your skin looks younger and healthier when new cells appear on the surface. 7. Stimulates collagen synthesis Keeping your skin exfoliated regularly stimulates collagen production. The collagen in your skin tightens your skin, giving your skin a taut and youthful appearance. It also reduces lines and wrinkles. Over-exfoliation: Signs and Symptoms You will damage fresh new skin cells on the surface of the skin if you exfoliate your skin more frequently than your cell turnover. Over-exfoliation is characterized by the following signs: 1. Redness or irritation When skin is exfoliated too harshly or too frequently, it may be red, irritated, inflamed, or burned. You may notice a dramatic change in your skin and be extremely sensitive to subsequent products.It is important to avoid rubbing your wet skin as much as possible. You can help reduce your irritation by using creams with rich emollients. 2. Dry flaky skin Using too much exfoliation strips the skin of its natural oils. This causes the skin to become dry by removing moisture. Due to excessive drying, you may also experience flaky skin with fine lines and wrinkles. This condition can be alleviated by using a good moisturizer. 3. Increased breakouts Excessive exfoliation damages the protective barrier of the skin, leaving it vulnerable to bacterial infections. Acne breakouts will increase as a result.If this occurs, switch to milder products and stop exfoliating. You can also consult a dermatologist if your skin doesn't improve. FAQs on Exfoliation 1. Is exfoliation beneficial to skin? Skin benefits greatly from exfoliation if done correctly. A skin-type-specific exfoliation regimen will not only make your skin look and feel great, but it will also help you deal with acne and excess oil production problems. 2. Do I need to exfoliate regularly? Exfoliant should only be applied to your skin two to three times per week. If you exfoliate too much, you will not only slough off dead skin cells, but also damage the skin's protective layer (your skin barrier is incredibly important!). Due to this, your skin is more sensitive and susceptible to irritation and inflammation, including acne, of course. Several exfoliating products are available on the market, including multi-purpose products that contain a lower percentage of exfoliating ingredients. You should read the instructions carefully to determine how often you should use these products.  Conclusion: Exfoliation is safe and effective. Healthy, youthful skin is the result of a good exfoliation regimen. It is important to consider carefully your options before choosing an exfoliation method. It is also important not to over-exfoliate, as over-exfoliation may lead to the very conditions you aimed to eliminate. References: DeHaven C. Mechanisms of exfoliation. Science of Skincare. 2015. Leung J. The Science of Exfoliants: Physical vs Chemical. Kornhauser A, Coelho SG, Hearing VJ. Applications of hydroxy acids: classification, mechanisms, and photoactivity. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2010;3:135-142. Published 2010 Nov 24. doi:10.2147/CCID.S9042 How to Safely Exfoliate At Home, Published by American Academy of Dermatologist Association (AAD) https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-secrets/routine/safely-exfoliate-at-home

Author: Krunal Goyani (Pharmacologist and Toxicologist) Are you looking for an ingredient that will solve your acne problem? It might be your answer to use salicylic acid. Anti-acne products contain salicylic acid as their main ingredient. It can be used to treat mild to moderate acne. Use of this ingredient, however, must be done carefully. Learn about the skin benefits of salicylic acid, how it is used, and its side effects. THE OPINION OF THE EXPERT According to one study, salicylic acid formulations are well tolerated and can treat acne by reducing the number of lesions over time," - Kraft J and Freiman A How Does Salicylic Acid Work On Skin? References: Kraft J, Freiman A. Management of acne. CMAJ. 2011;183(7):E430-E435. doi:10.1503/cmaj.090374 Lee HS, Kim IH. Salicylic acid peels for the treatment of acne vulgaris in Asian patients. Dermatologic surgery. 2003 Dec;29(12):1196-9.

Author: Krunal Goyani (Pharmacologist and Toxicologist) Has your skin ever responded negatively to a new skincare product you thought was amazing but actually turned out to be useless? Your skin type may have been improper for that product. Use skincare products that are appropriate for your skin type if you are interested in beauty and skincare. It's important to understand your skin type so you can make the most of your skincare routine. Skincare products aren't one-size-fits-all magic potions (wasn't it easier if it were? ), but they're helpful nonetheless. Here are some tips and suggestions to help you identify your skin type and take care of your wonderful skin today! What is the purpose of knowing my skin type? You must know your skin type in order to practice the most effective skincare. Our skincare options were limited in the past. Nowadays, there are countless formulas customized for our specific skin types, but they work best when you use the one that's right for you! When you use the wrong products and misdiagnose your skin type, it can exacerbate skin conditions and result in irritation, excess oil, breakouts or drying of the skin, making wrinkles more visible. Skin Type vs. Skin Conditions When it comes to skin care and treatment, it's crucial to consider the difference between skin type and skin concerns. Wrinkles, signs of aging, hyperpigmentation, and temporary dryness can all be causes for concern among various skin types. Many people think acne-prone skin is a type; however, people of all types of skin can struggle with acne. Changing skin conditions can also be affected by age, environment, and hormones. In summer, your skin may become oilier, while in winter you may need to apply lotion. If you are a teenager or go through certain periods, you may experience more acne or oily skin. During these times, you may have changed skin concerns, but your skin type remains the same. When choosing skincare products, keep this in mind. To address temporary concerns, you may need to find some separate products, but you should get a good skincare routine that matches your skin type. The factors that determine skin type Simple Genetics - It is genetics that determines whether you will have dry or oily skin or sensitive skin. And you might inherit a certain skin type or a certain problem from your parents. Hormones - Throughout our lives, our hormone levels fluctuate - including during pregnancy - which may affect our skin's behavior. Climate - If you move to a different environment, you may have a different skin type! Medications - You might experience an adverse reaction to your prescription, such as drier skin or sensitivity to light. Diet/Allergies - There is no doubt that your daily noshes can affect your skin in either positive or negative ways. Consult your doctor if you suspect you might have a food allergy. Skin Care - The wrong formula can disrupt the balance of your skin, as I mentioned previously. Put yourself on the right path to healthy skin! How do I determine my skin type? Identifying your skin type is easy with a simple test. You just need to follow these steps! Step 1: Remove all makeup, oil, and dirt from your face by cleansing it with a gentle cleanser. Step 2: After using a gentle towel, pat your face dry so that your skin will remain bare. Don't apply any serums or moisturizers. Give your skin a chance to act naturally. Step 3: Let's wait for an hour. Avoid touching your face during this time (resist temptation!). Take a close look at your skin after an hour and note the quality. After washing my face and waiting 1 hour, my skin: Skin Type Feels itchy and tight. has some flakey patches Dry Is shiny and feels greasy especially in my T-zone Oily Is oily in my T-zone. but dry or normal on my cheeks and jawline Combination Feels good and even. Not too oily or dry Normal Sometimes gets red, irritated, itchy or inflamed Sensetive   You now know what your skin type is. Let's dive into the characteristics of each one and what you can do to maintain good skin! While it isn't a hard and fast rule, skin types can typically be categorised by age groups. The acne-prone skin of teenagers and young adults tends to be oilier due to the active sebaceous glands at this stage of their life. Combination skin is most common in people in their late 20s and early thirties. In addition, those in their mid-30s and older are more likely to have dry skin because our skin loses its ability to produce oil and retain moisture as we age. Dry Skin How to Identify: You have dry skin if your skin feels tight or itchy after cleansing or if you never seem to be able to get enough moisture. Flakiness or scaling may also occur (it looks like a snowstorm when you lightly drag your nails across the skin). Dehydrated skin differs from dry skin, and there's a difference between the two. Dry skin: is a skin type that produces less oil causes this condition. Dehydrated skin: This condition results from a lack of water. It's caused by climatic conditions, environmental factors, or not drinking enough water.    Causes: Genetic predisposition to produce less oil (or sebum), hormonal imbalance, dry climate, heaters in cold weather, hot showers and baths, medication, and age (older people generally have thinner and drier skin). What to Avoid:  Products with alcohol and sulfates, which can strip the natural oils from your skin. When showering or bathing, use warm water instead of super hot water since it dries the skin. In case you use a heater or live in a dry climate, consider getting a humidifier for your home and repetedly apply humectant and moisturizer. Oily Skin How to Identify: Excess oil is accumulating in your face, neck, shoulders, and back, or your skin is shiny. When oil production peaks in the middle of the day, you may want to wash your face again. You may find that your pores are larger. You may also get clogged easily, leading to blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples. The good news is, studies have shown that oily skin prevents wrinkles due to its moisture. Causes: Due to genetics, the skin's sebaceous glands produce excessive oil (sebum). In addition to hormones and humid climates, your skin may produce more oil due to overdrying. What to Avoid:  Cleaning products, moisturizers, and makeup that are oil-based. Moisture can only be absorbed to a certain point, the remaining moisture becomes a residue on the face. In addition, choose products with no alcohol or sulfates, which can irritate the skin. Contrary to popular belief, many products used to treat oily skin actually rob the skin of its natural oils that provide moisture and protection. When your skin senses that it is dry, it actually produces “More Oil as a defense mechanism”, the result of which is worsening the situation! Combination Skin How to Identify: You have oily skin, larger pores, or break out in your T-zone (forehead, nose, chin), but your cheeks and jawline are dry or normal. Combination skin can be difficult to treat since it involves two different issues. You're aiming for balance. Causes: There is an overproduction of oil in the T-zone due to genes. Maybe you're also causing skin imbalance with your products. The oily areas could become dry if you try to treat them, and vice versa. What to Avoid:  Alcohol-based products that are too drying. Additionally, you shouldn't use products formulated for oil control or ultra hydration on your entire face. Either use separate products to target oily T-zones and dry areas, or find a product that will moisturize both. Normal Skin How to Identify: It's generally dry, without a lot of oil or breakouts and not too oily, either. The products you use don't really cause you problems, and your complexion is generally balanced. Causes: You lucky duck, Gene! What to Avoid:  Normal skin is one of the easiest types to care for, but it is also one of the first skin types to show signs of aging. Include anti-aging and hydrating products in your skincare routine. Don't wait to act! Preventive measures can be taken as early as your 20s. Don't use any product that causes your skin to become oily or dry. Sensetive Skin How to Identify: You probably have sensitive skin if it gets inflamed or irritated easily, itchy, dry or red easily. When you use a new product, your skin may react, flush easily, or you have razor bumps every time you shave. A person with sensitive skin may also experience conditions such as eczema or rosacea. Causes: Skin sensitivity can be caused by a variety of conditions, and pinpointing a single cause can prove challenging. Of course, there are genetics and hormonal fluctuations. Generally, weather (cold and hot), dry climates, and hard water affect the skin. In addition, the products you use (makeup, lotions, soap, laundry detergent, etc.) may contain fragrances or harsh chemicals that can aggravate skin sensitivities.   What to Avoid:  Products with heavy chemical additives, synthetic fragrances, or dyes. Any product containing ingredients that may trigger allergies or irritations. You are best off sticking to basics, which means yes, there are days when a little Squalane will suffice as a moisturizer. You should always test a new product on a patch of skin for 24 hours before applying it to your entire face.

Author: Krunal Goyani (Pharmacologist and Toxicologist) Let's go back to Biology and talk about your skin. What did you think when you learned about organs? Were you surprised to find out that the skin is an organ? How surprised were you to find out that it is the largest organ of the body? Each organ serves a specific purpose. And, of course, the functions our skin serves are vital to our well-being. As your first line of defense, your skin is susceptible to injuries and wounds. The wounds can sometimes be superficial and heal quickly, while others can be deeper and require expert medical treatment. Some of you may not remember what you learned in Biology. Let's take a look at what we know!  The Skin:  Definition: Skin is one of the most important organs that covers the outside of the body, providing a barrier against pathogens and environmental injuries. It is the biggest organ of the body, covering the entire outside of the body, with a thickness of about 2 millimeters and a weight of about six pounds. The skin protects the body from heat, light, injury, and infection. In addition, the skin is responsible for regulating body temperature, gathering sensory information from the environment, storing water, fat, and vitamin D, and protecting us from disease. Human skin consists of how many layers? It consists of three main layers: Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis The Skin's Layers and Their Functions Epidermis: Skin's epidermis is the protective layer that prevents harmful bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances from reaching deeper layers. Due to the presence of melanocytes, it prevents the loss of water from the skin and also determines its color. Epidermis consists of the following layers: A. Stratum Basale The lowest layer of the epidermis is composed of keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells. These keratinocytes undergo continuous cell division and are pushed toward the epidermis' upper layers. It is a type of cell composed of keratin, a fibreous protein that influences both the structure and the hardness of skin, hair, and nails. The cells in this layer are attached to the dermal layer of the skin via collagen fibers, referred to as the basement membrane. B. Stratum Spinosum This layer is comprised of daughter keratinocytes and dendritic cells, which protect the body from infections. The stratum spinosum appears shiny due to protruding structures called desmosomes. C. Stratum Granulosum Three to five layers of Keratinocytes make up this layer. The changes in keratinocytes that have been pushed to this layer cause it to appear grainy. D. Stratum Lucidum There are dense keratinocyte cells here, with seleiden, a lipid-rich transparent protein. The thick skin on your hands and feet is transparent due to seleiden. E. Stratum Corneum There are 15-30 layers of dead keratinized cells in this layer. Every four weeks, they are shed. As a result of the process of keratinization, or cornification, the layer gets its name. Four layers of the epidermis: Stratum basale (SB), Stratum spinosum (SS), Stratum   Dermis After the epidermis is the dermis, which is composed of collagen, elastin, blood vessels, and hair follicles. It is composed of sweat glands that help flush out toxins from the body, keeping it cool. The dermal layer contains the nerve endings responsible for the sense of touch in your body. Sebum, the natural oil which keeps the skin lubricated, is also produced in this layer by sebaceous glands. It consists of two sublayers: A. Papillary Dermis In this layer, collagen and elastin form a loose mesh. An adipocyte (fat cell), blood vessel and phagocyte (defensive cell) layer is found in the papillary layer. Furthermore, lymphatic capillaries, nerve fibers, and touch receptors are found within. B. Reticular Dermis It is composed of dense, irregular, vascularized connective tissue. Elastin and collagen are present in it. Fibrous proteins such as collagen are responsible for providing the structure and elasticity of the skin. Moreover, they give skin strength.  Subcutaneous Tissue Subcutaneous tissue consists of well-vascularized, loose connective tissue and adipose tissue. The tissues that lie beneath the hypodermis, such as muscle, tendon, ligament, joint capsule, and bone.Besides maintaining the temperature, this layer acts as a cushion or shock absorber. A layer of fat in this layer is responsible for protecting your muscles, bones, and internal organs. Additionally, the layer ensures the dermis is attached to your bones and muscles. References: Tortora GJ, Derrickson BH. Principles of anatomy and physiology. John Wiley & Sons; 2018 May 15. InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. How does skin work? 2009 Sep 28 [Updated 2019 Apr 11]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279255/ Yousef, H., M. Alhajj, and S. Sharma. "Anatomy, skin (integument), epidermis. StatPearls." Treasure Island (2020). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470464/ Agarwal S, Krishnamurthy K. Histology, Skin. [Updated 2021 May 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537325/ Nafisi S, Maibach HI. Skin penetration of nanoparticles. InEmerging nanotechnologies in immunology 2018 Jan 1 (pp. 47-88). Elsevier. McMullen, Roger L., and Gopinathan K. Menon. "Structure and Function of Human Skin."